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of tissue, whereas only 2 patients with hypertension had this level. The relation between the structural resistance and the severity of hypertension is shown in Figure 4. Thus it can be seen that the structural resistance The units for SVR are most commonly expressed as pressure (mmHg) divided by cardiac output (mL/min), or mmHg⋅min⋅mL-1, which is sometimes abbreviated as peripheral resistance units (PRU).Alternatively, SVR may be expressed in centimeter-gram-second (cgs) units as dynes⋅sec⋅cm-5, where 1 mmHg = 1,330 dynes/cm 2 and flow (CO) is expressed as cm 3 /sec. The object of the present study was to determine whether deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension can be produced in rats in the presence of low total peripheral resistance (TPR) induced by long-term administration of minoxidil, a vasodilator.

Peripheral resistance can be increased by

The result is more turbulence, higher pressure within the vessel, and reduced blood flow. This increases the work of the heart This increased peripheral resistance is mainly attributable to structural narrowing of small arteries and arterioles, although a reduction in the number or density of capillaries may also contribute. Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke, myocardial infarction (heart attacks), heart failure, aneurysms of the arteries (e.g. aortic aneurysm), peripheral arterial disease and is a cause The increased resistance is thought to serve as a compensatory mechanism to help maintain perfusion to the vital organs by sustaining blood pressure in the fate of a failing heart. These factors over the long term, however, can prove to be deleterious, exacerbating the already impaired cardiac pump (Schrier & Abraham, 1999).

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Increased cardiac output can be returned toward normal by fluid loss due to a pressure-induced diuresis,3 increase4 d resistance to venous return, and/or increased afterload on Nitric oxide reduces both total peripheral resistance and venous return, thus decreasing both preload and afterload. WikiMatrix An increase in blood pressure can be caused by increased cardiac output, increased total peripheral resistance , or both. The increased peripheral vascular resistance, an underlying cause of hypertension, results from an increase in active tension in the vascular smooth muscle. Studies have demonstrated that the increase in active tension reflects an increase in cytosolic free calcium.

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Peripheral resistance can be increased by

the natural ability of a normal organism to remain unaffected by noxious agents in its environment; see also immunity. 3. in psychology or psychiatry, conscious or unconscious defenses against change Reduction of peripheral arteriolar resistance and the associated fall in blood pressure trigger sympathetic, vagal inhibitory, and renal homeostatic mechanisms, including an increase in renin secretion, that lead to increased cardiac rate and output and salt and water retention. The hypertrophic inward remodeling of resistance vessels can be triggered by numerous stimuli, including pressure-dependent increases in vascular wall stress and the actions of different vascular growth factors. In contrast, the eutrophic inward remodeling of these vessels can be triggered by sustained vasoconstriction.

B. Resistance would increase, because more blood would be harder to push through the vessels. C. Resistance would decrease, since the greater volume would cause the veins to stretch more. D. The relationship between BP and viscosity is such that, given a constant systolic BP, if blood viscosity increases, then the total peripheral resistance (TPR) will necessarily increase, thereby reducing blood flow. Conversely, when viscosity decreases, blood flow … Aim: The increased morbidity and mortality in traumatic lower limb amputees can be explained by the development of risk factors, among which high blood pressure plays an important role. However, the possible mechanisms underlying increased blood pressure levels observed in this population remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to test the hypothesis that peripheral vascular resistance is increased at An increase in total peripheral resistance resulting from both structural and functional changes in the arterioles is a characteristic of hypertension, and endothelial dysfunction is an important contributor to the increase in arteriolar tone. Unlike intact animals, the burn in rabbits with disconnected reflexogenic zones did not lead to a marked increase in the peripheral vascular resistance.
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The Reduction of peripheral arteriolar resistance and the associated fall in blood pressure trigger sympathetic, vagal inhibitory, and renal homeostatic mechanisms, including an increase in renin secretion, that lead to increased cardiac rate and output and salt and water retention. In many body regions, the pressure within the veins can be increased by the contraction of the surrounding skeletal muscle.

INCREASED PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE 37 eralized arteriolar vasoconstriction. Hence, arterial compliance is distributed over the entire arterial system.
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The venous av M Di Rienzo · 2009 · Citerat av 111 — In the following sections, only this limb of the baroreflex function will be considered. no pressure increase would be allowed (Wesseling & Settels 1985). Since HR and peripheral resistance controls are characterized by 1 okt.